Amashaja E-EV, Amakhebuli kanye Nezixhumi Zeshaja Yemoto Kagesi

Amashaja E-EV, Amakhebuli kanye Nezixhumi Zeshaja Yemoto Kagesi

Into yokuqala, okufanele wonke umnikazi we-EV abe nayo - isixhumi sekhebula esingakwesokudla namashaja aseduze.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungaba yini: isokhethi kagesi ngaphakathi ekhaya, ishaja eshesha odongeni noma ishaja enamandla esheshayo eseduze.Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokushaja Imoto Kagesi yabasanda kuhlanganyela ngezansi.

Okuqukethwe:
Amashaja ngamamodi
Izinhlobo ze-Plug Connectors
Imoto yakho isebenzisa maphi Amashaja?
Iziteshi zamashaja ezihamba kancane, ezisheshayo nezisheshayo
Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ukushaja uhlu oluhlukile lwe-EV
Izisekelo zokushaja ze-Video EV

Izindlela zokushaja ngokwamazinga omhlaba

Kunezindlela ezine zokushaja, ezihluka kwesinye nesinye ngohlobo lwamanje, i-voltage, namandla okulethwa kwamandla.Siyichaza ukusuka phansi ukuya kwesivinini esiphezulu sokushaja.

Imodi 1 (AC Level 1)

Uhlobo olunensa kakhulu lokushaja olwenziwa ikakhulukazi kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya.Isikhawu sesikhathi sokushaja semoto kagesi ngale ndlela cishe amahora ayi-12 (kuya ngomthamo webhethri).Inqubo yenzeka ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile, enesokhethi evamile kanye ne-adaptha ye-AC ekhethekile.Namuhla lolu hlobo alusetshenziselwa ukushaja ama-EV ngenxa yokuvikeleka okuphansi kokuxhumeka.

Imodi 2 (AC Level 2)

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesiteshi sokushaja i-AC, esingasetshenziswa ekhaya noma eziteshini zesevisi.Isetshenziselwa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi zazo zonke izinhlobo ezinezixhumi zendabuko ezinohlelo lokuvikela ngaphakathi kwekhebula.Isikhathi sokushaja cishe amahora angama-7-8 namandla okugcina amabhethri anomthamo osondele ku-19-25 kWh.I-Tesla Model 3 izoshaja cishe amahora angama-20.

Imodi 3 (AC Level 2)

Imodi enamandla kakhulu esetshenziswa eziteshini ze-AC.Izixhumi zohlobo loku-1 zisetshenziselwa isigaba esisodwa kanye nezixhumi zohlobo 2 zamandla kagesi wezigaba ezintathu.Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-Mode 3 ekhaya, udinga ukuthenga izinto zokusebenza ezengeziwe: udonga noma isiteshi sokushaja sangaphandle.Futhi izisekelo zezigaba ezi-3 kanye nesilinganiso samanje esiphezulu siyadingeka.Isikhathi sokushaja se-EV ngamabhethri 50-80 kWh sehla siye emahoreni angu-9-12.

I-Mode 4 (DC Level 1-2)

Iziteshi zokushaja Imodi 4 zisebenzisa i-direct current esikhundleni sokushintshana.Amandla ezakhiwo ezinjalo aphezulu kakhulu kwezinye izimoto zikagesi.Kulabo abasekela leli zinga, amabhethri ashajwa kufika ku-80% phakathi nemizuzu engama-30.Izakhiwo ezinjalo zokushaja zingatholakala ezindaweni zokupaka zasemadolobheni nasemigwaqweni emikhulu, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwenkimbinkimbi enjalo kudinga umugqa wamandla aphezulu ohlukile.Ngaphandle kwalokho, intengo yalesi siteshi sokushaja iphezulu kakhulu.

Uma ufuna amashaja e-EV ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi imoto yakho isekela ukushaja okusheshayo.Lolu lwazi lungatholakala kumadokhumenti womkhiqizi.

Izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-EV

Alikho izinga elilodwa lokushaja amapulaki e-EV emhlabeni.Ngaphandle kwalokho, umehluko phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto, futhi iYurophu, iNyakatho Melika ne-Asia inezindinganiso zayo.

I-Tesla Supercharger

Umkhiqizi omkhulu we-EV emhlabeni usebenzisa uhlobo lwakhe lwezixhumi zokushaja ezibizwa nge-Tesla Supercharger.Lolu hlobo lwepulaki luhlukile eNyakatho Melika nakwamanye umhlaba (i-Europe ngokwesibonelo).Isixhumi sisekela i-AC yokushaja Imodi 2, Imodi 3, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC (Imodi 4).

Futhi, ungasebenzisa i-CHAdeMO noma i-CCS Combo enama-adaptha.Lokhu kwenza imbobo isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya kuphi futhi nini.

Uhlobo 2 (Mennekes)

Ipulaki yesixhumi sokushaja esinamaphini angu-7 esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezenzelwe i-Europe kanye nezimoto ezimbalwa zamaShayina esezishintshiwe.Okukhethekile kwesixhumi kuhlanganisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yesigaba esisodwa nesigaba sesithathu, ene-voltage ephezulu ye-400V, i-current ye-63A, namandla angu-43 kW.Ngokuvamile ama-volts angu-400 nama-ampere angu-32 anamandla amakhulu okukhipha angu-22 kW ekuxhumekeni kwezigaba ezintathu kanye nama-volts angu-230 ama-ampere angu-32 nama-kilowatts angu-7.4 ekuxhumekeni kwesigaba esisodwa.Isixhumi sivumela ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zokushaja nge-Mode 2 ne-Mode 3.

Thayipha 1 (owaziwa ngokuthi i-SAE J1772 noma i-J-plug)

Isixhumi esijwayelekile samaphinikhodi angu-5 esivamile ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi zaseMelika nase-Asia.Isebenzise kodwa bonke abakhiqizi be-EV ngaphandle kukaTesla.Ipulaki yohlobo loku-1 isetshenziselwa ukushaja imoto kagesi ezikhungweni zokushaja ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-Mode 2 kanye ne-Mode 3.Ukushaja kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa igridi yamandla yesigaba esisodwa se-AC ene-voltage enkulu engu-230V, i-current engu-32A kanye nomkhawulo wamandla angu-7.4 kW.

I-CCS Combo (Uhlobo 1/Uhlobo 2)

Uhlobo lwesixhumi esihlanganisiwe esikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kokubili izindawo zokushaja ezihamba kancane nezisheshayo.Isixhumi singasetshenziswa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-inverter obuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC.Izimoto ezinalolu hlobo lokuxhuma zingathatha isivinini sokushaja sifike kushaji omkhulu «osheshayo».

Izixhumi ze-CCS Combo azifani e-Europe nase-US naseJapane: e-Europe, izixhumi ze-Combo 2 zihambisana ne-Mennekes, futhi e-US nase-Japan, i-Combo 1 ehambisana ne-J1772 (Uhlobo 1).I-CSS Combo yakhelwe ukushaja ama-volts angu-200-500 ku-200 amperes namandla angu-100 kW.I-CSS Combo 2 okwamanje iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesixhumi eziteshini zokushaja ngokushesha e-Europe.

CHAdeMO

Isixhumi se-DC esingu-2-pin sathuthukiswa ngokubambisana kwabakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu baseJapan ne-TEPCO.Ingasetshenziselwa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi eziningi zaseJapan, zaseMelika kanye neziningi zaseYurophu.Iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zokushaja ze-DC ezinamandla ku-Mode 4 ukushaja ibhethri lifike ku-80% ngemizuzu engu-30 (ngamandla angu-50 kW).Yenzelwe i-voltage ephezulu ye-500V kanye ne-current ye-125A enamandla afinyelela ku-62.5 kW, kodwa kakade izici zanda kakhulu.

ChaoJi

I-plug ejwayelekile ye-ChaoJi ayilutho ngaphandle kokuvela kwe-CHAdeMO (isizukulwane sesithathu).Ikwazi ukushaja izimoto ezisekelwayo ezine-DC engu-600A namandla afinyelela ku-500 kW.Isixhumi sisekela izindinganiso zangaphambilini ze-CHAdeMO, GB/T noma ngisho ne-CCS nge-adaptha.

I-GB/T

Leli zinga lihlukile ezimotweni ezenziwe ngamaShayina futhi livame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-GBT nje.Ngokubukeka, icishe ifane ne-European Mennekes, kodwa ayihambisani nayo ngokobuchwepheshe.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezixhumi zaleli zinga, esisodwa ngesesibili esinensayo (AC) sokushaja okusheshayo (DC).

Uhlu lwezimoto ze-EV ezivame kakhulu nezimbobo namashaja azo asekelwayo (ziyabuyekezwa)